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ADL / BADL — Katz Index

Independence in basic activities of daily living (BADL/ADL). 6 functions, score 0–6. Higher score = greater independence.

Bathing

Sponge bath, shower or tub.

Dressing

Getting clothes from closet and drawers, putting them on, using fasteners.

Toileting

Going to the toilet, using it, cleaning up, rearranging clothes.

Transferring

Moving in and out of bed or chair.

Continence

Control of urination and bowel movements.

Feeding

Getting food from plate to mouth.

ADL / BADL — Katz Index

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Quick reference

6Full independence
5Mild impairment
3–4Moderate impairment
0–2Severe impairment

Higher score = greater independence

Frequently asked questions

What is the Katz Index of ADL?

The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL, also called BADL) assesses six basic functions: bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence and feeding. Each function is scored 1 (independent) or 0 (dependent), for a total of 0–6. It was published by Sidney Katz in 1963 and is widely used in geriatrics and long-term care.

How do you interpret the Katz Index score?

6 = full independence; 4 in the original formulation indicates moderate impairment; 2 or less indicates severe impairment. On Two Nurse, 5 is shown as mild impairment, 3–4 as moderate and 0–2 as severe (the 5 band is an operational adaptation). The score guides care planning and the need for assistance, and should be read together with clinical judgment.

What is the difference between the Katz Index and the Barthel Index?

Both assess basic activities of daily living. Katz is quicker (6 dichotomous items, 0–6) and gives a coarse picture; Barthel (10 items, 0–100) is more granular and better suited to monitoring rehabilitation progress. Neither includes instrumental activities: for those use the Lawton IADL Scale.

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